What are the essential statements: balance sheet, P&L, cash flow?

The essential financial statements are the Balance Sheet (shows assets, liabilities, and equity), Profit & Loss (P&L) Statement (shows income and expenses), and Cash Flow Statement (tracks cash inflows and outflows).
 
StatementPurposeKey Components
1. Balance SheetShows the company’s financial position at a point in time.Assets = Liabilities + Equity
2. P&L Statement (Profit & Loss / Income Statement)Measures performance over time (profitability).Revenue, Cost of Goods Sold, Expenses, Net Profit
3. Cash Flow StatementTracks cash inflows & outflows from operations, investing, and financing.Operating, Investing, Financing Activities
 
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